在過去的十年中，中國的粘接技術在生產和科學的應用得到了迅速的發展。在紡織工業中，粘合機已(yi)在服(fu)裝和鞋類(lei)行業的(de)(de)廣(guang)泛應(ying)用，使(shi)服(fu)裝生產(chan)過(guo)程中的(de)(de)一次革命，并具(ju)有很好(hao)的(de)(de)外(wai)觀(guan)效果和經濟效益。然(ran)而，在同一時間和粘(zhan)附相關質量(liang)問(wen)題(ti)發生時，人們在解(jie)決實(shi)際問(wen)題(ti)時缺乏理(li)(li)論指導(dao)。根據近年(nian)來國(guo)外(wai)粘(zhan)合劑，基本理(li)(li)論的(de)(de)研(yan)究成(cheng)果，結合我國(guo)的(de)(de)實(shi)際生產(chan)和應(ying)用中出現的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，粘(zhan)合襯粘(zhan)合機(ji)理(li)(li)進行了探討，并在此基礎上，粘(zhan)合過(guo)程的(de)(de)分析，希望能進一步促進生產(chan)的(de)(de)粘(zhan)合機(ji)的(de)(de)開發應(ying)用。

   粘合(he)襯是由(you)熱(re)溶膠均勻(yun)涂布在(zai)織(zhi)物上(shang)而制成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)。在(zai)服裝加(jia)工(gong)時(shi)，襯布與面(mian)(mian)料緊(jin)貼，在(zai)一定的(de)(de)溫度和壓力條件下，熱(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)膠熔(rong)(rong)(rong)融后與面(mian)(mian)料粘合(he)，熱(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)粘合(he)是在(zai)很短的(de)(de)時(shi)間內發(fa)生的(de)(de)，這一過程大致要(yao)經過四個階段：熱(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)膠受熱(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)融為(wei)粘流體。液(ye)態熱(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)膠通過潤濕作用(yong)使界面(mian)(mian)分子彼此接(jie)觸，通過分子運(yun)動達到(dao)吸附(fu)平衡(heng)。分子通過跨越界面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)擴散形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)擴散界面(mian)(mian)區(qu)。液(ye)態熱(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)膠冷卻、固化并與纖(xian)維形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)粘合(he)鍵。

    下面(mian)對這兩(liang)個(ge)個(ge)階段(duan)分別進(jin)行討(tao)論。

    2.1、熱(re)熔(rong)膠的(de)熔(rong)融：

    熱(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)加熱(re)而熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)融(rong)(rong)(rong)，其(qi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)融(rong)(rong)(rong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)于熱(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)點范圍，只有(you)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)高于熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)點范圍時才能完成熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)融(rong)(rong)(rong)。熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)融(rong)(rong)(rong)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)體粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)于熱(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)融(rong)(rong)(rong)指(zhi)數(shu)(shu)，按海根(gen)一泊肅葉定(ding)(ding)(ding)律，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)融(rong)(rong)(rong)粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)與(yu)指(zhi)數(shu)(shu)之間(jian)存在(zai)線性關系(xi)：MI＝4630×P／0.1ηm；式中：P——載荷(N)；ηm——熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)融(rong)(rong)(rong)粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(pa.s)；MI——熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)融(rong)(rong)(rong)指(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(g/10min)，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)融(rong)(rong)(rong)指(zhi)數(shu)(shu)增加，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)融(rong)(rong)(rong)粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)降(jiang)低，熱(re)流動性提高有(you)利于熱(re)溶膠(jiao)對織物的(de)(de)(de)(de)浸(jin)潤(run)和(he)擴(kuo)散。隨(sui)著溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增加，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)體粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)降(jiang)低，結合可提高熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)粘(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)降(jiang)低。從熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化熱(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教訓，熱(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化和(he)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)融(rong)(rong)(rong)指(zhi)數(shu)(shu)在(zai)熱(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個重要(yao)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)，它將直接影響(xiang)焊(han)接條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。因此(ci)，熱(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)粘(zhan)(zhan)合襯的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用和(he)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)融(rong)(rong)(rong)指(zhi)數(shu)(shu)如下的(de)(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)體中，必須首先了解夾層屬于熱(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)種，并知道這兩個主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)性能參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)。

    2.2、熱熔膠對(dui)織物的潤濕和滲透：

    熱熔膠和(he)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)均為高聚物(wu)(wu)，屬于(yu)熔融高聚物(wu)(wu)對(dui)固(gu)態低能表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)的潤(run)濕，故在一般情(qing)(qing)況下不可能達到完全(quan)潤(run)濕。其潤(run)濕情(qing)(qing)況決(jue)定(ding)于(yu)熱熔膠和(he)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)的界面(mian)張力，其潤(run)濕情(qing)(qing)況可用接觸角θ表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi) ，按楊(yang)氏(Young)方程，當潤(run)濕處于(yu)平衡狀態時：cosθ＝γs－γsL/γL；γs、γL、γsL分別表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)固(gu)體(ti)、液體(ti)的表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)張力以及(ji)固(gu)體(ti)與液體(ti)的界面(mian)張力，接觸角越(yue)(yue)小越(yue)(yue)有利于(yu)潤(run)濕。粘合的最(zui)佳潤(run)濕條件(jian)是(shi)γs≌γL，若γL＞γs潤(run)濕就不易進行，表(biao)(biao)(biao)2是(shi)各種纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)和(he)熱熔膠的表(biao)(biao)(biao)張力。

    表面張(zhang)(zhang)力大(da)于一般的(de)(de)纖(xian)維的(de)(de)熱熔膠(jiao)(jiao)，滲透(tou)能(neng)自(zi)發的(de)(de)，但如(ru)果硅(gui)油整理或涂(tu)覆特氟龍(long)涂(tu)層后的(de)(de)織物，其表面張(zhang)(zhang)力將大(da)大(da)降低(di)(di)，熱熔膠(jiao)(jiao)是難(nan)以濕織物，這將影響鍵的(de)(de)形成。你必須加(jia)入熱熔膠(jiao)(jiao)中添加(jia)劑(ji)來降低(di)(di)熱熔膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)表面張(zhang)(zhang)力。例如(ru)，脂肪會(hui)在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯熱熔粘合劑(ji)聚(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯降低(di)(di)表面張(zhang)(zhang)力增(zeng)加(jia)，所(suo)以也要注(zhu)意到織物表面性能(neng)選擇(ze)合適(shi)的(de)(de)熱熔膠(jiao)(jiao)。

    織物(wu)(wu)是(shi)由纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)組成的(de)(de)(de)，纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)之間有(you)許多毛細(xi)孔(kong)隙，天然(ran)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)內(nei)部還有(you)胞腔(qiang)。作(zuo)者曾(ceng)對熱(re)熔(rong)粘合后的(de)(de)(de)織物(wu)(wu)，進行纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)切片掃描(miao)電子(zi)顯微圖象觀察，熱(re)熔(rong)膠不但(dan)滲(shen)透到(dao)單纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)之間，而(er)且滲(shen)透到(dao)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)胞腔(qiang)內(nei)。因此，熱(re)熔(rong)膠對織物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)濕可看作(zuo)是(shi)毛細(xi)滲(shen)透，滲(shen)入(ru)毛細(xi)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)速(su)度可按泊肅(su)葉(Poissulle)定律(lv)，粘度為(wei)?的(de)(de)(de)粘流(liu)體流(liu)過半徑(jing)為(wei)r，長度為(wei)L的(de)(de)(de)毛細(xi)管(guan)(guan)所需的(de)(de)(de)時間t為(wei)：t＝2η12/rL·cosθ，如(ru)表2所示(shi)，各種(zhong)熱(re)熔(rong)膠的(de)(de)(de)rL相差不大，故在毛細(xi)管(guan)(guan)尺寸一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件下(xia)，浸(jin)潤(run)所需要的(de)(de)(de)時間要取決于的(de)(de)(de)粘度和接觸角的(de)(de)(de)大小。

    由于熱熔(rong)膠可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)幾秒鐘內完(wan)成(cheng)，穿(chuan)透(tou)時(shi)間(jian)是至關重要的(de)(de)(de)。我們(men)常(chang)常(chang)發(fa)生(sheng)在(zai)熱熔(rong)膠和熱熔(rong)膠無法移動到織(zhi)物(wu)上，這是因為(wei)沒有足夠的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)來完(wan)成(cheng)熱熔(rong)膠的(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)透(tou)。但是，生(sheng)產過程(cheng)中(zhong)不(bu)允許較長的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie)時(shi)間(jian)，所(suo)以(yi)我們(men)必(bi)須盡量減少(shao)熔(rong)熱熔(rong)膠粘(zhan)度(du)(du)。熔(rong)體(ti)(ti)粘(zhan)度(du)(du)與分(fen)子(zi)量的(de)(de)(de)增加(jia)，需要控制熱熔(rong)膠的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)子(zi)量，增加(jia)蠟助劑(ji)在(zai)熱熔(rong)膠也可(ke)以(yi)降(jiang)低(di)熔(rong)體(ti)(ti)粘(zhan)度(du)(du)。溫(wen)度(du)(du)對(dui)粘(zhan)度(du)(du)影響(xiang)很大，溫(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)增加(jia)可(ke)顯著(zhu)降(jiang)低(di)熔(rong)體(ti)(ti)粘(zhan)度(du)(du)。此(ci)外，接(jie)觸角的(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)是不(bu)可(ke)忽略的(de)(de)(de)，特殊整理織(zhi)物(wu)由于表面張力小(xiao)，會影響(xiang)潤濕。